Democracy, global security, political reform movements, religion and civil society, west asia. Pdf democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the. Site map privacy policy support policy feedback help. Plattner, larry diamond, daniel brumberg, hillel fradkin, and tarek masoud participate in a panel discussion celebrating the publication of democratization and authoritarianism in the. The surprises of the arab spring, and especially the internal variation within the region, suggest new theoretical insights as well as new empirical realities that govern the dynamics of authoritarianism in the twentyfirst century. Larry diamond and marc plattner, the editors of democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world, along with four contributors, hillel fradkin, christopher walker, dan brumberg, tarek masoud talk about the promise of democratization in the middle east following the arab spring and the eventual backlash that. Why democracy will struggle in the arab world in 2014.
Apr 14, 2017 why democracy will struggle in the arab world in 2014. In a 2015 study published in political research quarterly, minorities in the middle east. Authoritarianism in the arab world is not what it used to be. Apr 25, 2014 democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world. Jun 22, 2007 democracy and authoritarianism in the arab world boulder, co. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world a. Nasser built a large following and a cult of personality in egypt and throughout the arab world.
Eva bellin, hunter college and the graduate center, city university of. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world youtube. Moreover, almost every arab state has been directly involved in some form of international conflict over the past decades. Authoritarianism and democracy in muslim countries. This is particularly striking given the fact that over the last three decades there have been distinct changes in the arab world and class structure farsoun and zacharia 1995. Democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world. Authoritarian regimes and their perpetuation in the middle. This volume includes chapters examining several broad themes. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world apr. Indeed, it might well be stronger, more flexible, and more resilient than ever, despite the best efforts of the united states, its.
Plattner discuss democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world with the johns hopkins university press. Expression of religiosity is likely to rise in postauthoritarian arab countries, but this should be distinguished from demand for. Press, 1999 and jillian schwedler, faith in moderation. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world. The european union the european regional development fund. Firstly, it is presented in the work of western scholars that the major factors that ensure the endurance of autocracy in. Working paper 055 explaining middle eastern authoritarianism. Anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics wilson. Sep, 2012 add to this the general poverty and authoritarianism of the middle east and north africa and other islamic countries especially if you leave out oil wealth, the case seems open and shut. Pratt appraises the part that civil society actors played in the normalization of. Tunisias revolution clearly and powerfully inspired arabs everywhere to take to the streets. Economic foundations of democracy and authoritarianism.
Democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab. Building democracy on the ashes of authoritarianism in the. More than five years after the arab spring began, the euphoria that accompanied the regions early uprisings has been replaced by a dogged realism. Syria in comparative perspective raymond hinnebusch, university of st andrews this paper looks at authoritarian upgrading au in the light of the syrian case. The issue of democratic deficit in the arab states is not new and has constantly been argued by scholars. Despite the initial euphoria, the legacies of authoritarianism polarized societies, politicized militaries, statecentric economies, and pervasive clientelismhave. This is the most sophisticated and powerful interrogation of the function of civil society in the arab world available today.
Yet the arab worlds democracy deficit should not be misinterpreted as a rejection by its citizens of. With the partial exception of tunisia, the arab states whose dictators were toppled are mired in strife or have relapsed into despotism. Democracy and authoritarianism in the arab world boulder, co. However, there are two other models turkey and algeria that egypt could follow too. Cambridge university press 9781107043190 anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics joseph sassoon frontmatter more information in this web service. Democracy and authoritarianism in the arab world contributes to the reinterpretation of the emergence of authoritarianism in the arab world by looking at the role of civil society in either maintaining it or creating democratic alternatives. Democratic transitions in the arab world foreign affairs. Democracy and authoritarianism in the middle east 22 dec 2009 introduction over the past few decades and especially at the turn of the century, there has been a flurry of reforms proposed and passed by governments in the middle east, seeking to of modernization, as well as promising progress towards a more democratic, politicallyopen society. There are different and divergent views as to why autocracy has endured in the arab world. This important collection follows an earlier edited volume that elbadawi and makdisi put together prior to the arab uprisings of 201011.
Democracy, reform, and authoritarianism in the arab world critical concepts in. It is an important contribution that makes clear what trips up democratization in the arab world and beyond. Democracy, voting and public opinion in the arab world. The arab world never seemed more unified than during the incandescent days of the 2011 arab uprisings. Algeria descended into civil war when its military suppressed islamists.
These writers join, although they do not invoke, a larger, older tradition that takes the presence of state violence as its point of departure. The demise of the authoritarian bargain in the arab. Through an effective historical analysis of the interplay of socioeconomic development, ideology and institutional structures, pratt explores how the space for political action across the arab world has been defined. Ever since 911, western leaders have pushed for democratization of the arab world. Plattner, larry diamond, daniel brumberg, hillel fradkin, and tarek masoud participate in a panel discussion celebrating the publication of democratization and. Eva bellin, hunter college and the graduate center, city university of new york, contemporary islam. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world by. The global state of democracy 2019 international idea. There are many versions of why islam is at the root of authoritarianism, backwardness and poverty in these countries.
Beginning in december 2010, a series of uprisings swept the arab world, toppling four longtime leaders and creating an apparent political opening in a region long impervious to the third wave of democratization. Exploring gray zones find, read and cite all the research you need on. An arab more than muslim electoral gap, journal of democracy 14 july 2003. A regional report an approach based on national reports from egypt, jordan, morocco and yemen participating organizations al urdun al jadid research centre ujrc, jordan the parliamentary think tank ptt, egypt the moroccan association for solidarity and development amsed. Up g r a d i n g au thoritarianism in t h e ar a b wo r l d st e v e n he y d e m a n n analysis paper number, october 2007 th e br o o k i n g s in s t i t u t i o n 1775 massach u set ts av e. Invitation to the second conference out of a series of 12 organized by europeanization and globalization, the department of culture and identity. Pdf the demise of the authoritarian bargain in the arab. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world a journal of democracy book. Aug 11, 2015 a 2015 study published in the journal comparative political studies, elections in the arab world. Case studies are drawn from algeria, egypt, iraq, jordan, lebanon, syria. Why do authoritarian regimes prevail in the middle east, while successful democratic transitions are occurring elsewhere in the developing world. The system of personalized arab presidential power based on a strong security state had its origins in the assertion of national sovereignty in the dangerous postindependence world of the 1950s and 1960s. Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the.
Pdf islamist movements and the democratic process in the. The democratic revolution that has swept through latin america and eastern europe has begun to shake the edifice of authoritarianism in the arab world, he told us. How arab authoritarian regimes learned to defeat popular. The rand corporation and the ankarabased international strategic research organization convened a workshop in istanbul at which a range of authorities from arab countries reflected on how to overcome obstacles to democratization. The game appears to be wide open, as regimes in place resist change. Aug 25, 2016 the arab world never seemed more unified than during the incandescent days of the 2011 arab uprisings. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. In other regions of the world, authoritarianism and democracy are also. That book explored the democracy deficit in the arab world. The time has come to learn from the experiences of south korea, spain, and.
What explains the enduring rule of authoritarian regimes in the arab world. There are many versions of why islam is at the root of authoritarianism, backwardness and poverty in. Pratt appraises the part that civil society actors played in the normalization of authoritarianism in the middle east, the challenges that new organized groups now pose to entrenched arab regimes, and the varying ways in which those regimes are responding. These three, while not part of the arab world, are included in the overall sample used in the statistical analyses reported in appendix table a. Ethnicity, religion and support for authoritarianism, ceren belge of concordia university and ekrem karakoc of binghamton university challenge the common assumption that minority groups in authoritarian regimes generally prefer democratization. The costs of the remarkable resistance to the global movement to freer, more transparent and more accountable government in the latter decades of the twentieth century were borne principally by several. For decades, the regions autocracies defied predictions that growing wealth, rising levels of education, and the development of middle classes would lead to democratic transitions. Authoritarianism in the middle east addresses this question, focusing on the role of political institutions and the strategic choices made by both rulers and opposition challengers. Add to this the general poverty and authoritarianism of the middle east and north africa and other islamic countries especially if you leave out oil wealth, the case seems open and shut.
Parks on november 45, 2011, the asan institute for policy studies held the first asan middle east conference, a biennial gathering of the worlds foremost experts on the middle east and north africa mena region. Rather, there exist significant obstacles to dismantling these regimes. Brown and others published islamist movements and the democratic process in the arab world. Bunker regimes arab monarchies have been the least affected by the arab spring, echoing eva bellins suggestion that the truisms of the. He was a senior economist at the council of economic advisers in the executive office of the president of the united states and has held research or teaching. In democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world, leading scholars address the questions posed by this period of historic change in the middle east and north africa. Learn about the forums research project exploring reconsidering democratic transitions. The dominant explanation in political theory to date has been one of patronage, in which citizens vote hoping to. Joseph sassoon, author of anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics, shared his analysis of authoritarian regimes in eight arab republics through the lens of memoirs of senior officials and political opponents on march 4, 2016, the middle east program at the woodrow wilson center hosted the event anatomy of authoritarianism in the arab republics with sassoon, also associate.
The longevity of authoritar ian rule in the arab world illustrates that democracy is not inevitable. This paper attempts to the address why that is the case. Nicola pratt offers an innovative approach to this recurring question, shedding light on the failure of democratization by examining both the broad dynamics of authoritarianism in. Authoritarianism and its adversaries in the arab world. While au is to an extent discredited by its failure to anticipate the uprising, in. Explaining middle eastern authoritarianism marcus noland marcus noland, senior fellow, has been associated with the institute since 1985. Authoritarianism and democratization in the arab world rex brynen. Oct 15, 2007 authoritarianism in the arab world is not what it used to be.
What follows is a reconsideration of the robustness of authoritarianism in the arab world and beyond. Lines of action in support of democracy in the arab world for analysis. Apr 01, 2014 in democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world, leading scholars address the questions posed by this period of historic change in the middle east and north africa. Introduction within the past few years, profound transformations on the social, political and. Building democracy on the ashes of authoritarianism in the arab world.
The arab awakening has heralded a new era across the middle east and north africa, and in a short space of time the politics of the whole region has fast become unrecognisable compared to what it was a mere two years ago. Debating arab authoritarianism is a worthy collection that elucidates the logic of authoritarian resilience. Barriers to democracy in the arab world by mohammad huweih under the direction of michael herb, phd abstract with the exception of tunisia, there are no democracies in the arab world. From the indignant graffiti scrawled on walls across tunis to the wartorn neighborhoods of damascus and tripoli, the region and the worlds hopes of establishing peace and democracy have largely faded. Indeed, it might well be stronger, more flexible, and more resilient than ever, despite the best efforts of the united states, its european union partners, and arab democrats to bring about sustained and systematic political reform over the past two decades. Democracy, reform, and authoritarianism in the arab world. Democracy, reform, and authoritarianism in the arab world critical concepts in the modern politics of the middle east nonneman, gerd on. Democracy in the middle east and north africa wikipedia.
Jul, 2011 democracy, authoritarianism and regime change in the arab world professor lisa anderson provost, american university in cairo london school of economics and political science wednesday july 2011 check against delivery for decadescertainly since the fall of the berlin wall, and for some among the older of us the wave of. Democracy and authoritarianism in the arab world nicola. Buy democracy and authoritarianism in the arab world 1 by pratt, nicola isbn. Arab spring giga german institute of global and area studies. Perhaps, the most extensive and informative englishlanguage source on the arab democracy deficit is political liberalization and democratization in the arab world, published in 1995 and edited by rex brynen, bahgat korany and paul noble. Democratization and authoritarianism in the arab world a journal of democracy book diamond, larry, plattner, marc f. Authoritarianism has been exceptionally robust in the mena region because many of the states have proven willing and able to crush reform initiatives. Wafaw is organizing its annual academic conference on domestic, regional, and international trends in islamism 202015 at the cerisciences po in paris on the 29th and 30th of october 2015. The conference focusing upon the transformations, and the changes that some parts of the arab world undergo at the moment. Up g r a d i n g au thoritarianism in t h e ar a b wo r l d. The authors eschew cultural explanations, highlighting instead the. Authoritarianism and democratization in the arab world rex brynen, pete w.
Tunisias revolution clearly and powerfully inspired arabs. These obstacles are not rooted in a timeless arabmuslim political cul ture, but rather in the dynamics of authoritarianism itself. The arab worlds old autocracies survived by manipulating the sharp identity conflicts in their societies. The surprises of the arab spring, and especially the internal variation within the region, suggest new theoretical insights as well as new empirical realities that govern the dynamics of authoritarianism in the twenty rst century. With or without the brothers academic conference posted oct 19, 2015 by wafaw. Nicola pratt offers an innovative approach to this recurring question, shedding light on the failure of democratization by examining both the broad dynamics of authoritarianism in the region and the particular role of civil society. Islam, authoritarianism and intolerance why nations fail.
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